Top 5 Foot & Ankle Injuries and How to Treat Them

1. Ankle Sprain

An ankle sprain occurs when the ligaments supporting the joint are stretched or torn, often from an unexpected twist or uneven landing. This injury is particularly common during sports or outdoor activities.

• Symptoms: Pain, swelling, bruising, and reduced range of motion. In severe cases, putting weight on the ankle can be difficult.
• Treatment: Mild sprains often improve with rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE). Moderate to severe sprains may need a medical evaluation, physiotherapy, or supportive bracing to prevent instability and aid recovery.

Learn more here: Ankle Sprain

2. Achilles Tendonitis

The Achilles tendon connects the calf muscles to the heel and is vital for walking, running, and jumping. Repetitive strain or overuse can inflame or damage the tendon, resulting in Achilles tendonitis.

• Symptoms: Pain and stiffness along the back of the heel that worsen with activity are common indicators. Patients also experience discomfort that may be more noticeable in the morning or after prolonged exercise.
• Treatment: Rest, gentle stretching, supportive footwear and physiotherapy can help reduce strain and promote healing. If symptoms persist, a clinical evaluation at a foot and ankle clinic in Singapore is recommended to check for partial tears or chronic inflammation.

Learn more here: Achilles Tendonitis

3. Plantar Fasciitis

Plantar fasciitis is one of the most common causes of heel pain. It occurs when the plantar fascia, a thick band of tissue that supports the arch of the foot, becomes inflamed or irritated due to overuse or excessive strain.

• Symptoms: The condition typically causes sharp heel pain, especially with the first few steps in the morning or after long periods of rest. The pain often eases with movement but may return after prolonged standing or activity.
• Treatment: Management may include stretching exercises, custom orthotics, supportive footwear and physiotherapy to relieve tension and strengthen the foot. Imaging may also be necessary to rule out other causes of heel pain, such as stress fractures or nerve issues.

Learn more here: Plantar Fasciitis

4. Stress Fractures

Stress fractures are tiny cracks in bones caused by repetitive pressure rather than a single traumatic event. They frequently occur in runners or anyone who suddenly increases activity levels.

• Symptoms: Localised pain and tenderness, worse with movement or impact, often easing with rest but returning with activity.
• Treatment: Rest, modified activity, and supportive footwear are essential. In some cases, immobilisation under orthopaedic guidance may be required. Early recognition is crucial to prevent a complete fracture.

Learn more here: Hairline (Stress) Fractures

5. Bunions and Toe Deformities

Bunions, or hallux valgus, form when the big toe shifts toward the other toes, creating a bony bump at the joint. Over time, this can lead to pain and difficulty with footwear.

• Symptoms: Pain, swelling, redness, and trouble fitting into narrow shoes. Toe deformities, like hammer toes, may develop as the foot’s mechanics change.
• Treatment: Early-stage management includes changing footwear, using toe spacers, or wearing splints. Severe or persistent cases may require surgical correction, which can be minimally invasive or traditional, depending on the condition.

Learn more here: Bunion and Bunionettes